What are the fractions of crude oil?
Fractional distillation of crude oil
| Fraction: | No. of carbon atoms: | Colour: |
|---|---|---|
| Gasoline (petrol) | 4 – 12 | Colourless to pale yellow |
| Kerosine (paraffin) | 11 – 15 | Colourless to yellow |
| Diesel oil | 15 – 19 | Brown |
| Residue lubricating oil heavy fuel oil bitumen | C | Dark brown |
What are the fraction of crude oil and their uses?
The uses of the fractions from fractional distillation fuel gas, LPG, refinery gas, gasoline, petrol, naphtha, paraffin, kerosene, diesel oil, gas oil, fuel oil, lubricating oils, wax and bitumen fractions are tabulated and many are non–renewable fuels.
What are the 5 main fractions produced from crude oil?
Fractions that are separated out include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and bitumen. Fractional distillation allows a lot of useful products to be made from crude oil, with many environmental consequences for the use of those useful products!
How is crude oil divided into fractions?
Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. The vapours then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their specific boiling points, allowing them to be separated.
What is oil fraction?
Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points. …
What is the most viscous fraction of crude oil?
So, gasoline is less viscous than kerosene. And kerosene is less viscous than diesel. This means our answer is C. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil is the correct order of increasing viscosity for these three crude oil fractions.
Which crude oil fractions are collected at the top of a fractionating tower?
Butane and propane and other petroleum gases are formed right at the top of the distillation tower, where it is coolest, a very mild 25°C: the temperature range that forms these gases is between 25°C and 50°C. These gases are the lightest products formed in crude oil distillation and are flammable gases.
What do the substances in a crude oil fraction have in common?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons . The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points.
How are fractions separated?
Fractional distillation process is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, (fractions). When heat is applied to the crude oil chemical compounds are separated – causing the fractions of the mixture to vaporize and distil.
Which is the most viscous fraction of crude oil?
This means our answer is C. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil is the correct order of increasing viscosity for these three crude oil fractions.
What makes up a fraction of crude oil?
Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Each crude oil fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in a fraction are mostly hydrocarbons called alkanes.
What are the physical properties of crude oil?
Characteristics of Crude Oil. •What is Crude Oil? •“a complex combination of hydrocarbons consisting predominantly of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It may also contain small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds.” •Mixed crude oils have varying amounts of each type of hydrocarbon.
Where does crude oil condense in the fractionating column?
Substances with high boiling points condense at the bottom and substances with lower boiling points condense on the way to the top. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column.
What kind of hydrocarbons are in a fraction?
The hydrocarbons in a fraction are mostly hydrocarbons called alkanes. They have similar (but not identical): For example, the gases fraction contains hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms. These have: The hydrocarbons in different fractions differ in these properties.